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Novel coronavirus infection was reported by academician Li Lanjuan, a member of the National Health Protection Committee and a well-known infectious disease specialist in China on the forenoon of January 22nd.
Academician Li Lanjuan
Reporter: Hello, Academician Li! You were still in Beijing last night. You flew back to Hangzhou in the early morning, and you were in the outpatient department in the morning. Just finished the clinic and came to our interview. Thank you very much!
Academician Li Lanjuan: entrusted by the State Council and the national health and Health Commission, I, academician Zhong Nanshan and other 6 people went to Wuhan on January 18, listened to the relevant situation report of Wuhan and checked the relevant scene.
Our task is to study and judge the epidemic situation, which has been reported to the national health and Health Commission and the State Council. The executive meeting of the State Council listened to the reports of our two experts.
Through this investigation, I think there are several points:
First of all, I think the epidemic situation in Wuhan, our country for the discovery of new virus, in the discovery of more febrile patients when increased vigilance, by the Wuhan Municipal Health Committee first detected all the viruses, the coronavirus also tested, found a coronavirus.
This is a very important credit. Later, novel coronavirus was identified by the state. Timely detection is a novel coronavirus, which has made great contributions to the whole society and the world.
Second, where does the coronavirus originate? They quickly targeted the South China seafood market in Wuhan, where there are not only seafood, but also wildlife.
A large number of early patients are related to going to the seafood market. So Wuhan quickly closed the seafood market, and this measure is relatively fast.
Of course, although it has been found closed, it has spread there for some time, so there are more patients in this area of Wuhan.
Wuhan infectious disease hospital and designated hospitals also have many patients. At the same time, they also found the infection of medical staff and the development of the whole course of the patient. After observation, the previous days were general pneumonia, and even the first few days did not have a fever. Some patients got worse by the 10th day, and a few severe patients.
It's still under observation. A small number of medical staff infections were also found.
After we went, we decided that: first, the existence of human to human transmission should be highly valued and easily disseminated.
We think people in Wuhan should try not to go out, people outside should not go to Wuhan, control the epidemic in Wuhan and try not to spread it to the whole country.
This is the best control method we think. Of course, many people have left Wuhan, and it is impossible not to leave Wuhan, but at least the feverish patients can not leave Wuhan.
We went to Wuhan, identified and suggested that this is a class B infectious disease, which should be managed according to class A infectious disease. So the State Council soon made a decision to manage according to class A infectious diseases.
This is a very important decision of the country and a very important positioning for epidemic control.
Everyone should report it truthfully, not conceal it, as ordered by the State Council. Now you see scattered and export-oriented patients all over the country. I don't think it's surprising that our country has such a clear regulation that suspicious and suspected patients have been reported.
According to the situation after we went to Wuhan, we found that a large number of patients from all over the country are related to Wuhan, so we should strengthen the prevention and control of Wuhan. The national health and Health Commission has also sent medical teams, expert groups and management personnel to help Wuhan increase the prevention and control of the epidemic.
After the teleconference, people from all over the country have increased their temperature measurement and medical observation.
In particular, the Spring Festival is just the time for everyone to go home for the Spring Festival. During the period of large population flow, it is easy to cause transmission. At this time, it was decided by the executive meeting of the State Council that all provinces attach great importance to and control the epidemic. We hope that the provinces will pay more attention to the lost patients.
We put forward four early: early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment, so as to prevent the patients from spreading to the second and third generations, leading to the spread of the disease.
I think infectious diseases are objective and natural laws. After SARS in 2003, it is not surprising that the subsequent H1N1 and h7n9, including the Ebola and mers viruses abroad, are constantly mutating and combining, and may produce new infectious diseases.
When it happens, we should attach great importance to it and try our best to control it. As an infectious disease expert, I made it clear that we should find and control the source of infection, treat it in time and do a good job in prevention and control.
Now, after our country passed SARS, the prevention and control system in various places has been relatively perfect, with very good disease control. Each hospital has an infection department and a fever clinic. Through this line of defense, it is very important to find out the patients with fever, especially those with virus infection, and isolate and treat them as early as possible.
In this area, we think that when we all celebrate the new year, remember that you are a little feverish and uncomfortable. Try to go to the fever clinic in the hospital and have a test. If it's influenza or other problems, you can also have a good treatment. If there is contact history of relevant personnel from Wuhan, more attention should be paid to the detection for better treatment.
Reporter: novel coronavirus infection of pneumonia patients, treatment of specific drugs?
Academician Li Lanjuan: at present, there is no specific antiviral drug. The treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment, giving patients certain nutrition, certain rest and symptomatic treatment, including the detection of water and electrolyte of patients. Because these patients are prone to hypoxemia after onset, it is pulmonary inflammation, so they need to supplement oxygen and so on. The National Health Care Commission has a guide for clinical treatment It was introduced.
Reporter: how to treat severe patients?
Academician Li Lanjuan: for severe patients, we have good experience in h7n9, which is called Tetra anti-2 balance. The first is antiviral treatment, the second is anti shock treatment, the third is anti hypoxemia and multiple organ failure, the fourth is anti secondary infection.
The first balance is to maintain the acid-base balance of water electrolyte. The second is the balance of microecology. After virus infection, there is often the imbalance of microecology, which leads to the secondary infection of bacteria, so the microecology balance can reduce the secondary infection.
Novel coronavirus infection is still very effective in treating severe cases of new coronavirus infection.
Reporter: novel coronavirus compared with the H7N9 avian influenza virus in the year, which is more serious after the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome? What's the difference?
Academician Li Lanjuan: novel coronavirus infection is more severe than H7N9, and the mortality rate of H7N9 is higher than 40% to fifty percent in the early stage.
Of course, after the rescue, we also reduced to more than ten percent, a significant decline, and still have such a high mortality rate.
At present, the number of people suffering from this epidemic is quite large, but the number of deaths is relatively small. Of course, it is estimated that the number of severe patients will increase in the later stage, and we need to strengthen the efforts of treatment. But at present, from the statistics, the mortality rate is lower than h7n9.
Reporter asked: novel coronavirus incubation period has long? After human infection, in addition to fever, what are the symptoms? How to judge it is a new type of coronavirus?
Academician Li Lanjuan: when the coronavirus was in SARS, the maximum incubation period was within 14 days. This time, according to the current patient statistics, it was estimated to be within 10 days.
But the novel coronavirus infection is quite different after infection. Some patients have a long incubation period after infection, but also two or three days after the onset of the disease.
From the longest to 10 days, we estimate the incubation period to be a little longer, which is 14 days.
Reporter asks: is incubation period contagious?
Academician Li Lanjuan: it seems that the incubation period may also be infectious now, so we should attach great importance to this point, because now I also know the situation of some patients. The patients themselves have no fever, the people who have contact with him in the early stage have fever, the people who have contact with him may also have fever later.
Reporter: how novel coronavirus is infected?
What is the most novel coronavirus? Li Lanjuan: a new infectious disease. It is the most important pathogen detection. Compared with other coronaviruses, we have a very high means. In the past, when we were in SARS, our own coronavirus did not know what pathogen was in the initial two months. Finally, it was detected by Hongkong and Canada, and it was confirmed that it was coronavirus.
But this time we novel coronavirus in a very short time. But the sequencing of the coronavirus gene is not identical with the original SARS and MERS coronavirus sequences, so we call it a new coronavirus.
After discovery, our response in China was very fast. Once the coronavirus was confirmed and sequenced, the detection reagent was quickly developed.
Without testing reagent, medical staff can't confirm whether it is coronavirus or not. But now we have testing reagent and distribute it to the whole country. Now we use special reagent to test it.
It can be clear novel coronavirus infection is infected, so this is also our current ability to raise the level of technology is a very important performance.
Reporter: with the testing reagent, how long does it take from the sample to the final result?
Academician Li Lanjuan: now it's relatively fast, about two or three hours. But there are different methods, including nucleic acid detection and sequencing.
There are several ways for us to diagnose patients. One is the detection of nucleic acid, and then sequencing. Finally, several departments need to confirm the diagnosis together to avoid misdiagnosis.
Reporter: it's new year's Eve. What should people pay attention to when they have dinner on New Year's Eve or during the Spring Festival?
Academician Li Lanjuan: citizens during the new year