Advanced composite materials for aerospace are a type of key materials used in extreme service environments of "missiles, rockets, stars, ships, instruments, stations, and institutes". They are the material basis and technical forerunner of the development and development of spacecraft, and are also an important indicator of the advancement and reliability of spacecraft. With the continuous expansion of the speed and airspace of spacecraft, the depth and breadth of research on advanced composite materials are also increasing. On the one hand, composite materials need to serve with high reliability in extremely complex environments, have complex components and structures, and have extremely high requirements for the lightweight, temperature resistance, and multifunctional integration of materials, and need to continuously develop new high-performance materials. On the other hand, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the evolution of components, structures, and properties of composite materials in extreme environments, the coupling of multiple physical and chemical fields and materials, etc., to improve the understanding of the service performance of materials. Therefore, facing the future needs of spacecraft and the development of composite materials' own technology, it is urgent to achieve innovation in theory, methods, and technologies.
1. Ceramic-based thermal structural materials
Ceramic-based thermal structural materials are composite materials composed of ceramic matrix and fiber reinforcement phase. They have high specific strength, specific modulus, and excellent high-temperature mechanics, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance. They are ideal thermal structural materials for spacecraft. The United States, Europe and other countries have long recognized the important application value of ceramic-based composite materials. Through the continuous support of a series of research programs, many breakthroughs have been made in high-quality raw materials, composite material design, preparation process and engineering application. For example, in February 2015, the European IXV test aircraft successfully flew. Its thermal protection system nose cone, large area of windward surface, wing leading edge and body flaps are all made of C/SiC composite materials, which can meet the service requirements of more than 1600℃. The size of thin-walled special-shaped components has reached the meter level, reflecting a high level of preparation technology and high technical maturity.
2. Ultra-high temperature low ablation heat protection materials
Ultra-high temperature low ablation heat protection materials are mainly used in the end and leading edge of aerospace vehicles and other parts with harsh thermal environments. Modified carbon-based or ultra-high temperature ceramic-based composite materials based on carbon fiber reinforcement are important systems of ultra-high temperature low ablation heat protection materials. C/C composite materials have excellent chemical stability and mechanical properties under inert conditions, but they oxidize above 400℃, which restricts their use in high-temperature oxygen environments. By adding antioxidant modified components to the carbon matrix, the antioxidant and ablation resistance of C/C composites can be significantly improved.
3. Resin-based lightweight ablative heat-resistant materials
Resin-based ablative heat-resistant materials are functional composite materials developed to adapt to the thermal environment of spacecraft. They are used to protect the aircraft structure from burning and damage in the aerodynamic thermal environment. They have the characteristics of high heat protection efficiency, large specific heat capacity, low thermal conductivity, short preparation cycle and low cost. In recent years, with the development of new aircraft technology, the lightweight and multifunctional technology of resin-based ablative heat-resistant materials has developed rapidly, becoming a research hotspot for this type of material, promoting technological progress and expanding the application field.
4. High-performance thermal wave-transmitting materials
High-performance thermal wave-transmitting materials are used for aircraft antenna covers (windows). In the early days, they were mainly quartz ceramics, alumina ceramics, microcrystalline glass, etc. Later, quartz fiber-reinforced silica composites with higher reliability were developed. As the speed of aircraft increases and the flight time increases, the demand for high-temperature and long-time wave-transmitting materials is becoming more and more urgent. Nitride fiber-reinforced ceramic composites have become a research hotspot for high-temperature wave-transmitting materials.
5. High-temperature and high-efficiency thermal insulation materials
The flight speed of hypersonic aircraft is constantly increasing, and the flight time is longer, so the demand for high-temperature and high-efficiency thermal insulation materials is more urgent. The use temperature of existing mature thermal insulation materials, such as ceramic tiles, thermal insulation felts, and oxide nano-insulation materials, can no longer meet the requirements of future aircraft. Carbon and carbide porous thermal insulation materials have excellent thermal stability and thermal insulation properties in an inert environment, and have become the research focus of ultra-high temperature thermal insulation materials at home and abroad.
Carbon ultra-high temperature thermal insulation materials have shown important application value in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation of aircraft. Developing microstructure control methods for such materials, improving and optimizing material properties, establishing preparation processes for large-size materials, and conducting tests and assessments in typical environments are important research directions for carbon ultra-high temperature thermal insulation materials.
6. Resin-based structural composite materials
Resin-based structural composite materials have high specific strength and specific modulus, and can achieve lightweight structures for launch vehicles, satellites, missiles, etc. Their usage is also one of the indicators for measuring the advanced nature of spacecraft structures. After years of development, a series of structural composite materials represented by epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin and polyimide resin have been formed. With the development of high-performance carbon fibers and new resins in recent years, the load-bearing capacity, processability, and stability of resin-based structural composite materials have gradually improved. Figure 11 shows the NANOALLOY® nanoscale blending technology developed by Toray Industries, Japan, which has developed a new high-strength and high-modulus resin matrix, significantly improving the performance of composite materials.

Room termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9150, IOTA 9150A. 
High termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9108, IOTA 9118.