The excellent antifouling performance of silicone resin also depends on its unique chemical structure. Silicon resin contains a large amount of silicon hydroxyl. During the film forming process, the silicon hydroxyl is dehydrated and condensed to form a huge network structure, thus forming an extremely dense paint film. This is also the reason for low surface energy and low surface tension of silicone paint film. The surface contact angle of the modified silicone resin can reach 150 °, which can make the coating have excellent hydrophobicity and theoretically excellent antifouling property.

1. Polymer modified silicone resin
Different from silicone antifouling coatings, other polymer based antifouling coatings also have unique antifouling performance. Therefore, with the help of the reaction between the active group of polysiloxane and other polymer resins, the polysiloxane resin can maintain a stable main chain structure and graft other functional groups onto its branch chains, so as to ensure the antifouling effect and improve the existing defects. The modified silicone resin antifouling coating was prepared with polyurethane modified hydroxypropyl silicone oil. Through FT-IR analysis, the system contains NH stretching vibration peak and Si-O-Si stretching vibration peak, which proves that polyurethane modified silicone resin has been successfully prepared.

Through DSC analysis, the introduction of hydroxypropyl silicone oil increased the flexibility of the resin chain, so the glass transition temperature decreased. The results showed that when the amount of hydroxypropyl silicone oil increased, the water absorption of the resin decreased and the water resistance increased. Through the diatom adhesion experiment in the laboratory, the polyurethane modified silicone resin has little adhesion, which shows that it has good anti fouling ability.

2. Nano particle modified silicone resin
Dispersing nano filler particles in the chain segment of silicone polymer through a high-speed mixer can improve the compatibility with silicone resin and improve the antifouling performance of the coating.

Among them, nano silica is the most widely used, Because of its similar molecular structure with silicone materials (The main chain contains Si-O-Si bond, so Xuanbo et al. synthesized silicone modified acrylic resin through free radical polymerization, and further added nano SiO2 and nano TiO2 to silicone modified acrylic resin. Through FT-IR analysis, silicon modified acrylic resin contains characteristic peaks such as SiO and Si-C, indicating that it has successfully participated in the reaction. Through contact angle analysis of paint film, when the ratio of nano SiO2 and nano TiO2 is 1 ∶ 1, the content is 16 %The maximum contact angle is 149 °, indicating that the composite paint film has good hydrophobicity.

For the mechanical properties of the paint film, the introduction of nano particles makes the hardness of the paint film as high as 6H. Through the salt spray test, the paint film containing nano particles has excellent corrosion resistance. Qi Kaiyue et al. [37] used vinyl trimethoxysilane and acrylic monomers as raw materials to synthesize silicone modified acrylic resin, and added nano silica to silicone modified acrylic resin. Similarly, through FTIR analysis, the double bond of acrylate was opened and successfully grafted into the main chain of silicone resin.

The influence of nano-SiO2 on the performance of composite resin system was mainly investigated: the increase of nano-SiO2 can increase the contact angle of the paint film and improve the water resistance of the paint film, but the performance of the paint film is reduced due to the excessive silicon content, which may be due to the agglomeration of nano particles. When the content of epoxy resin increases, the adhesion of the composite resin increases, and the hardness also increases to 6H, but the increase of epoxy resin decreases the water resistance of the paint film.

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