Difficulty in reaction controlThe reaction conditions are harsh: the synthesis of polysilazane usually requires strict control of temperature, pressure, and atmosphere conditions. For example, some synthesis methods require high temperature, high pressure, and inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen, argon) protection to avoid side reactions between reactants and oxygen, moisture, etc. in the air. These harsh conditions have extremely high requirements for reaction equipment, and the operation process is complex, requiring precise control and monitoring.
Difficult to control reaction process: In reactions such as ammonolysis, the reaction rate is fast and it is difficult to accurately control the progress and degree of the reaction. If the reaction time is too long or the temperature is too high, it may lead to excessive reaction of the product, generating unwanted by-products and affecting the purity and performance of the product; If the reaction time is too short or the temperature is too low, the reaction may not be complete, the conversion rate of raw materials may be low, and the yield may not be high.
Difficult to regulate product structure: It is challenging to synthesize polysilazanes with specific molecular structures and properties, such as specific molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, molecular chain shapes, and functional group distributions. Because the synthesis reaction of polysilazane is often a complex free radical reaction or ionic reaction, influenced by various factors, it is difficult to accurately construct the molecular structure in the expected way.
Raw material and purity issues
High purity requirements for raw materials: The synthesis of polysilazane has extremely strict requirements for the purity of raw materials. Impurities in raw materials such as silicon halides, ammonia or amines, and silicon hydride compounds may participate in the reaction, generate impurity products, or affect the progress of the reaction, resulting in a decrease in product performance. For example, trace amounts of moisture in raw materials may cause hydrolysis reactions of silicon halides, generating impurities such as silanol, which in turn affect the structure and properties of polysilazane.
Difficulty in obtaining special raw materials: The synthesis of some polysilazanes requires the use of special organosilicon monomers, which have complex synthesis processes, high production costs, and limited supply channels, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. At the same time, different application scenarios have diverse requirements for the functionality of polysilazane, requiring the use of different special monomers for synthesis, which further increases the difficulty of obtaining raw materials.
Separation and purification are complex
Difficult to separate by-products: In addition to generating the target product, the synthesis reaction of polysilazane also produces a large amount of by-products, such as ammonium chloride, amine salts, etc. These by-products have similar physical and chemical properties to polysilazane, making separation difficult. Traditional separation methods, such as filtration, distillation and extraction, often have poor results, requiring complex separation technologies such as high performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, which increases production costs and production cycle.
Product purification is not easy: Even after initial separation, there may still be a small amount of impurities and unreacted raw materials remaining in the polysilazane product, which can affect the performance and stability of the polysilazane. To obtain high-purity polysilazane products, multiple purification operations such as recrystallization and column chromatography are required, which are not only cumbersome but also lead to a decrease in product yield.
Stability and storage issues
Chemical reactivity: Polysilazane has extremely high reactivity towards water, heat, oxygen, polar compounds, and other substances. During storage and transportation, it is easy to react with moisture and oxygen in the air, leading to changes in molecular structure and decreased performance. For example, fully hydrogenated polysilazane is prone to moisture absorption and hydrolysis in air, causing the silicon nitrogen bond to break and affecting its performance as a ceramic precursor.
High storage requirements: In order to ensure the stability of polysilazane, it is necessary to store and transport it under strict conditions such as low temperature, dryness, and inert atmosphere. This requires specialized storage equipment and transportation tools, which increases production and logistics costs. Moreover, even under strict storage conditions, polysilazane may undergo slow deterioration over time, resulting in a shorter shelf life.

Room termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9150, IOTA 9150K.    
High termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9108, IOTA 9118.