ceramic material 
Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ)
Advantages:
Excellent thermal insulation performance: With extremely low thermal conductivity, it can build an effective thermal barrier on the surface of high-temperature components, significantly reducing the substrate temperature, allowing high-temperature components such as aircraft engines to operate stably in higher temperature environments, and helping to improve the overall performance and efficiency of the engine.
Good chemical stability: In complex chemical environments such as high-temperature gas, it is not easy to undergo chemical reactions with other substances, and can maintain the integrity of the coating for a long time, ensuring the insulation and protection of components.
Strong high temperature resistance: With a high melting point, it can withstand extreme high temperatures in the combustion chamber, turbine blades, and other areas of aircraft engines, adapting to the harsh thermal environment requirements in the aerospace industry.
inferiority:
Relatively poor toughness: It belongs to brittle materials and is prone to cracking or even peeling when subjected to significant mechanical stress impacts, such as vibration of engine components, thermal expansion and contraction, which affects the effectiveness of the coating and the protective effect of the components.
High requirements for coating preparation process: The preparation of thermal barrier coatings involves complex spraying and other processes, with strict control over process parameters, substrate pretreatment, and other aspects. Otherwise, it is difficult to ensure coating quality, such as uneven coating thickness and weak bonding with the substrate.
Aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O3)
Advantages:
High hardness: It can effectively resist wear and tear. When applied in parts of aircraft engine mechanical transmission that are prone to friction, it can significantly reduce the amount of component wear, extend the service life of components, and ensure the reliable operation of equipment.
Excellent chemical stability: It can maintain stability in various corrosive environments, whether facing high-temperature gas inside the engine or chemical substances that may come into contact under some special working conditions, and can provide good protection to prevent the substrate from being corroded.
Good insulation: For some aerospace parts that require electrical insulation, such as specific electronic component peripherals, near electrical circuits, etc., it can provide good insulation effect and avoid problems such as circuit failures.
inferiority:
High brittleness: There is also a problem of insufficient toughness, which can easily cause cracks when subjected to large external impacts, thereby damaging the integrity of the coating and affecting its protection and functional performance.
Relatively poor thermal conductivity: In some application scenarios that require a balance between heat dissipation and other performance, it may not be possible to meet the requirements well. For example, for some components that require both wear resistance and moderate heat dissipation, the use of aluminum oxide coating may have limitations in heat dissipation.
Metal and alloy materials
Nickel based alloy
Advantages:
Excellent high-temperature performance: It has high high-temperature strength. During the high-temperature operation of aircraft engines, components such as turbine disks that bear huge centrifugal forces and high-temperature effects, such as nickel based alloy coatings, can ensure the structural stability of the components, maintain their mechanical properties, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the engine.
Strong resistance to oxidation and thermal corrosion: The synergistic effect of multiple elements in its composition can promote the formation of a dense oxide film on the surface, effectively resisting oxidation and thermal corrosion in high-temperature environments, and maintaining good performance of components in complex gas environments and high-temperature working conditions.
Good adhesion with the substrate: It has relatively good compatibility with many metal substrate materials. During the coating preparation process, it can achieve a strong adhesion with the substrate through appropriate processes, reducing the probability of coating peeling and other problems.
inferiority:
High density: It will increase the weight of components, which may have a certain impact on the overall performance of aircraft in the field of aerospace, which is sensitive to weight, such as increasing fuel consumption, reducing payload, etc., which is not conducive to achieving the goal of lightweight equipment.
Relatively high cost: Due to the presence of multiple valuable alloy elements and complex production processes, its manufacturing cost is relatively high, which to some extent limits its wider application.
Chromium (Cr)
Advantages:
Good wear resistance: The chrome coating can significantly improve the hardness of the surface of the components. When applied on the surface of components that are often subjected to friction and impact, such as aircraft landing gear, it can effectively resist wear, ensure the durability of the components, and reduce the frequency of maintenance and replacement.
Excellent anti-corrosion performance: The passivation film formed on the metal surface has strong anti-corrosion ability, which can provide good protection for components of aerospace equipment exposed to the atmosphere, ocean and other environments, maintaining the appearance and structural integrity of the components.
Good decorative appearance: The chrome plating layer has a bright appearance and is used in some parts that have certain requirements for the appearance of the aircraft, which not only achieves protective function but also enhances the overall aesthetics.
inferiority:
There is a certain degree of pollution to the environment: the chrome plating process produces pollutants such as wastewater and exhaust gas containing chromium, and improper treatment can cause harm to the environment. With increasingly strict environmental requirements, its application is limited to a certain extent.
The thickness of the coating is limited: overly thick chrome coatings are prone to quality problems such as cracks and peeling, so in situations where thicker coatings are needed to achieve stronger protective functions, they may not be able to meet the requirements.
Carbon based materials
Carbon/Carbon Composite Materials (C/C)
Advantages:
Low density: meets the requirements of lightweight components in the aerospace industry, and helps to reduce the weight of aircraft, improve payload or enhance flight performance without affecting performance. For example, when applied to the leading edge of spacecraft wings, it can reduce weight while meeting functional requirements such as thermal protection.
Good high-temperature strength: It can still maintain high strength in high-temperature environments, withstand the high-temperature airflow erosion of spacecraft re-entry into the atmosphere and the high-temperature effects of aircraft engine hot end components, ensure the stability of component structure, and ensure the safe operation of equipment.
Excellent thermal shock resistance: Faced with rapid temperature changes, such as temperature differences experienced by aircraft during different flight stages, carbon/carbon composite material coatings can adapt well and are not easily damaged by thermal stress, maintaining their functional and structural integrity.
inferiority:
Poor antioxidant properties: In aerobic environments, especially high-temperature aerobic environments, oxidation reactions are prone to occur, leading to a decrease in material properties or even damage. Therefore, it is often necessary to use it together with antioxidant coatings, which increases process complexity and cost.
Complex production process: The preparation process involves multiple complex procedures, with high technical difficulty and relatively long production cycles, resulting in high production costs and limiting large-scale applications.
Graphene
Advantages:
Excellent comprehensive performance: It has ultra-high strength, good thermal conductivity, and excellent chemical stability. When applied in aerospace electronic equipment, it can be used as a conductive coating to improve the conductivity of the circuit, enhance the stability and response speed of the electronic system, and also play an excellent protective role as an anti-corrosion coating to resist various corrosion factors.
Unique advantages of two-dimensional structure: Its two-dimensional sheet-like structure enables it to better cover the substrate surface in coating applications, forming a uniform and continuous coating, and can further expand its function through some modification methods, such as loading functional substances, to meet more special aerospace application needs.
inferiority:
Dispersion problem: Graphene is difficult to uniformly disperse in many solvents and other media, which poses a challenge for preparing high-quality and stable coatings, and can easily lead to uneven coating performance, affecting its actual use effect.
Large scale production is still incomplete: Although research and application of graphene are developing rapidly, large-scale, low-cost industrial production technology is not yet fully mature, resulting in high costs and limiting its wider and larger applications in the aerospace field.
Polymer materials
Polyimide (PI)
Advantages:
Outstanding high temperature resistance: It can maintain good mechanical properties and chemical stability over a wide temperature range. When applied in high-temperature areas of aerospace equipment, such as the insulation layer of wires and cables around engines, it can effectively resist the effects of high temperature and ensure the normal operation of electrical systems.
Good flexibility: Compared to some materials such as ceramics and metals, it has a certain degree of flexibility and can better adapt to the shape changes of components when applied on surfaces that require bending or deformation, making it less prone to coating cracking and other problems.
Insulation reliability: providing stable insulation protection for aerospace electrical systems, preventing circuit faults such as short circuits, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment.
inferiority:
Relatively limited mechanical strength: When subjected to large external forces such as tension and compression, it is prone to damage. For some parts that require high mechanical stress, they may not meet the protection requirements and need to be used in conjunction with other materials with higher strength.
Poor solvent resistance: When in contact with certain organic solvents and other specific chemicals, swelling and performance degradation may occur. Therefore, strict control of the chemicals that may come into contact with them is necessary in the usage environment.
Fluorocarbon resin
Advantages:
Excellent weather resistance: It can withstand harsh natural environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, wind and rain, and temperature changes for a long time. When applied to parts of spacecraft shells, aircraft surfaces, and other parts exposed to the external environment for a long time, it can maintain the appearance and performance of the substrate material without damage, extending the service life of the equipment.
Strong chemical stability: It has strong resistance to various chemical substances, whether it is pollutants that may come into contact with the atmosphere or chemical media encountered under special working conditions, it can effectively protect the substrate and maintain the good condition of the components.
Good self-cleaning properties: Due to its low surface energy, the surface is not easily contaminated with dust, oil, and other impurities. When used on the exterior of aerospace vehicles, it helps to maintain a clean appearance and reduce maintenance workload.
inferiority:
Hardness and wear resistance are generally average: When applied in areas that are prone to friction and scratching, it may not provide sufficient wear protection, and scratches and other damages may occur, affecting the appearance and protective effect. It is often necessary to use other wear-resistant materials in combination.
Limited high-temperature performance: When the temperature rises to a certain level, its performance will decrease. In high-temperature application scenarios in the aerospace industry, it may be limited and cannot be used alone for the protection of high-temperature critical components.

Room termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9150, IOTA 9150K.     
High termperature curing polysilazane, pls check IOTA 9108, IOTA 9118.