chemical reactions. Below are several common and important reaction types that will be introduced in detail:hydrolysis-condensation reaction
Reaction principle:
Hydrolysis condensation reaction is one of the most commonly used basic reactions for synthesizing silicone resin. Usually, organic silicon monomers (such as methylchlorosilane, phenylchlorosilane, etc.) are used as starting materials. Firstly, the organic silicon monomer undergoes hydrolysis reaction in the presence of water, and the hydrolyzable groups on the silicon atom (such as chlorine atoms) are replaced by hydroxyl groups, forming silanol intermediates with hydroxyl groups.
The generated silanol intermediate is highly unstable and undergoes rapid condensation reactions. There are two main ways of condensation reaction: one is intermolecular condensation, which is the dehydration condensation of hydroxyl groups between different silanol molecules, forming silicon oxygen bonds (- Si-O -), thereby continuously increasing the molecular chain; Another type is intramolecular condensation, where the hydroxyl groups within the silanol molecule undergo dehydration condensation to form a cyclic structure.
Influencing factors:
The rate and product structure of hydrolysis condensation reaction are influenced by various factors. One is the amount of water used. Too much or too little water can affect the degree of hydrolysis and condensation reaction, and it needs to be reasonably adjusted according to the specific monomer type and target product structure. The second is the reaction temperature. Appropriately increasing the temperature can accelerate the reaction rate, but too high a temperature may lead to an increase in side reactions and affect product quality. Generally, the reaction temperature is controlled within the range of room temperature to several tens of degrees Celsius. The third is the use of catalysts. Commonly used catalysts include acids (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.) and bases (such as sodium hydroxide, etc.). The type and amount of catalyst can change the activity and selectivity of the reaction. For example, acid catalysis is more conducive to forming linear structures of silicone resin, while base catalysis may make the product more inclined to form a highly cross-linked bulk structure.
Addition reaction (for organic silicon monomers containing unsaturated bonds)
Reaction principle:
Some organic silicon monomers contain unsaturated bonds such as carbon carbon double bonds, which can be synthesized into silicone resins through addition reactions. For example, silicone monomers containing vinyl groups undergo hydrosilylation reaction with hydrogen containing silicone oil under the action of catalysts such as platinum catalysts.
catalyzer
Through this addition reaction, different organic silicon monomers containing unsaturated bonds can be connected to construct the molecular structure of silicone resin, and the reaction process does not produce small molecule by-products like hydrolysis and condensation reactions, making the product structure relatively easier to control.
Influencing factors:
The selection and dosage of catalyst are crucial for addition reactions. Different catalysts have significant differences in activity, such as platinum catalysts, which have high activity but relatively high cost. Therefore, it is necessary to control their dosage reasonably to balance the reaction effect and cost. The reaction temperature also affects the reaction rate, and it is generally necessary to operate within a suitable temperature range to ensure the smooth progress of the addition reaction and avoid problems such as catalyst deactivation. In addition, the purity and ratio of reactants can also affect the conversion rate and product quality of the reaction, requiring precise control of the ratio of each reactant and ensuring the purity of the raw materials.
Rearrangement reaction (in a specific system)
Room termperature curing polysilazane, pls check
IOTA 9150, IOTA 9150K.
High termperature curing polysilazane, pls check
IOTA 9108,
IOTA 9118.